Juice’s overarching theme is the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants. In the Solar System, we know of only one body that has experienced the emergence of life: Earth. Is the origin of life unique to our planet, or could it occur elsewhere in our Solar System – or beyond? The mission will consider two key themes: What are the conditions for planet formation and the emergence of life? and How does the Solar System work? Juice will analyse Jupiter’s atmosphere, magnetic and plasma environment, and ring system. It will have a special focus on the planet’s large oceanbearing moons Ganymede, Europa and Callisto, characterising the nature of their oceans, icy shells, compositions, surfaces, environments and activity. Juice will show us how these large moons interact with Jupiter and its complex environment to help us understand our own Solar System as well as exoplanet systems beyond our own.