The European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world.
Find out more about space activities in our 23 Member States, and understand how ESA works together with their national agencies, institutions and organisations.
Exploring our Solar System and unlocking the secrets of the Universe
Go to topicProtecting life and infrastructure on Earth and in orbit
Go to topicUsing space to benefit citizens and meet future challenges on Earth
Go to topicMaking space accessible and developing the technologies for the future
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A rear view of ESA’s single most powerful solar simulator.
An array of 19 xenon lamp modules, each consuming 25 kW, cast a concentrated beam of artificial sunlight into Europe’s largest vacuum chamber, the Large Space Simulator.
Part of ESA’s ESTEC Test Centre in Noordwijk, the Netherlands, the 15 m-high 10 m-diameter chamber subjects satellites to simulated space conditions for weeks at a time: deep vacuum, unfiltered sunlight and the chill of space recreated by liquid nitrogen being pumped around the walls.
Not all lamps are required to simulate the sunlight encountered at Earth orbit. But in order to recreate the challenging sunlight intensity encountered around Mercury, all the lamps are operated at maximum power and their usually cylindrical sun beam is slightly tightened.
This image was taken by photographer Alastair Philip Wiper, during a visit to ESA’s technical heart,part of a long term project charting the beauty of scientific facilities.