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ESA Bulletin Number 100
The Integration and Testing of XMM
Ph. Kletzkine
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- The XMM (X-ray Multi-Mirror) spacecraft, a spaceborne X-ray
observatory to be launched by Ariane-5, stands 10 m high and
measures over 4 m in diameter in launch configuration, for a launch
mass of just under four tons. Such a tall spacecraft challenges the
capabilities of existing European environmental testing facilities.
Provisions were made in the design for a split according to geometry
into an Upper Module and a Lower Module for environmental test
purposes. Optical testing of the X-ray Mirror Modules - the core
technological challenge - required the use of several existing and
custom-built test facilities. In the face of strict schedule requirements,
spacecraft-level test flows were organised around extensively parallel
flows and all tests were scrutinised for their potential for early
problem identification. This article briefly introduces the XMM
configuration and schedule constraints, explains the spacecraft-level
model philosophy, discusses the consequences for each category of
test in terms of facility and test specimen configurations, and
summarises the spacecraft test flows and the results achieved.
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