The X-38 and Crew Return Vehicle Programmes

E.D. Graf

In a highly successful partnership, NASA, ESA and European industry are building the X-38 spacecraft, the prototype of the International Space Station’s Crew Return Vehicle (CRV). ESA is responsible for 15 X-38 subsystems or major elements, plus engineering expertise. Subscriptions by ESA Member States to the CRV programme will allow significant participation in the development and production of this next manned spacecraft. The X-38 and CRV are a quantum leap for Europe in developing and validating key reentry technologies and system designs needed for reusable space transportation systems.