Earth Observation/Remote Sensing
Documents
Regulation on the measures to be undertaken by the European Commission in 2008-2013 making use of the remote sensing applications developed within the framework of the common agricultural policy
Council of the European Union Regulation (EC) N. 78/2008 of 21 January 2008
Act to give Protection against the Security Risk to the Federal Republic of Germany by the Dissemination of High-Grade Earth Remote Sensing Data (Satellite Data Security Act – SatDSiG)
Act of 23 November 2007 (original and unofficial translations)
Remote Sensing Space Systems Act (Canada)
S.C. 2005, c. 45, as amended in 2007
GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Plan Reference Document
ESA Publication Division, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2005
International Law Association (ILA) Space Law Committee Questionnaire (2005): “State Practice on the 1986 UN Remote Sensing Principles (UNGA Resolution 41/65)” (see the report of the ILA Toronto Conference, 2006, p. 3); “The outcome of the Questionnaire - Further perceptions on the need to revise the UN Principles” (click here to see the report of the ILA Toronto Conference, 2006, Chapter B, p. 6)
Report of the International Law Association (ILA) Berlin Conference (2004):“Report on the Legal Aspects of the Privatization and Commercialization of Space Activities: Remote Sensing, Earth Observation Satellites” (p. 3).
U.S. Commercial Remote Sensing Policy of 25 April 2003 (fact sheet)
EUMETSAT Resolution on the EUMETSAT Principles on Data Policy (1998, as amended by Resolution EUM/C/57/05/Res. III)
EUM/C/98/RES.IV
ESA Envisat Data Policy (1998)
ESA/PB-EO (97)57 rev. 3
Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the legal protection of databases (1996)
EU Directive 96/9/EC
ESA International Relation Committee: Legal Protection of Satellite Remote Sensing Data (1996)
ESA/IRC (96)21
Memorandum of Understanding between the National Space and Development Agency of Japan and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States of America for Cooperation in the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) Program (1994)
Canadian Space Agency RADARSAT Data Policy (1994)
Document Number: RSCA-PR0004, Sec. 10.1 b.
Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (United States) U.S. Public Law 102-555
United Nations Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space (1986)
UN RES/41/65
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Terms of Reference (1984, as amended in 2005)
Convention on the Transfer and Use of Data of Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space (opened for signature in Moscow on 19 May 1978 and entered into force on 21 August 1979)
Workshops and conferences
Second International Conference on the State of the Remote Sensing Law University of Mississippi School of Law, Oxford, MS, 17-18 January 2008
IISL/ECSL Space Law Symposium: “Recent developments in Remote Sensing and the Desirability of Reviewing the 1986 United Nations Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space”
44th Session of the UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee, Vienna, Austria, 4 April 2005
ECSL Practitioners’ Forum 2004: “New Issues in Earth Observation and Data Policy”
ESA Headquarters, Paris, France, 12 March 2004
Report (ECSL Newsletter, N. 27, 2004, p. 6)
International Law Association (ILA), Berlin conference: “Legal Aspects of the Privatisation and Commercialisation of Space Activities: Remote Sensing and National Space Legislation” (2004)
First International Conference on the State of the Remote Sensing Law University of Mississippi School of Law, Oxford, MS, 18-19 April 2002
Institute of Air and Space Law/DLR Workshop: “Project 2001 - Workshop on Legal Remote Sensing Issues”
Toulouse, France, 28 October 1998
Third ECSL/Dutch NPOC Workshop: “Recent Developments in the Field of Protection and Distribution of Remote Sensing Data”
ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 15 April 1994
Books
P. ACHILLEAS (ed.)
“Droit de l’espace : Télécommunication, observation, navigation, défense, exploration”
Editions Larcier, Paris, 2009.
G. CONGALTON, K. GREEN
“Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices”
Lewis Publications, Boca Raton, 1999.
F. von der DUNK, V. KAYSER, P. MALANCZUK
“Recent Developments in the Field of Protection and Distribution of Remote Sensing Data: ECSL-NPOC, 3rd Dutch International Institute of Air and Space Law, 1994, 15 April, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands”
ECSL/ESA Publications, 1994.
N. FEKIH, R. ABIDI, G. LAFFERRANDERIE, P. LALA, M. FERRAZZANI
“La Télédétection par satellite au service du développement: Considérations juridiques: Actes du colloque 2002, 26-27 Septembre, Tunis, Tunisie - Satellite remote sensing in aid of development: Legal considerations: Proceedings ”
Centre régional de télédétection des états de l'Afrique du Nord (CRTEAN)/ European Center for Space Law (ECSL), 2003.
K. M. EISENBEIS
“Privatizing Government Information: The Effects of Policy on Access to Landsat Satellite Data”
Scarecrow Press, Landham, MD, 1995.
J. I. GABRYNOWICZ
“The Land Remote Sensing Laws and Policies of National Governments: A Global Survey”
The National Center for Remote Sensing, Air and Space Law, University of Mississippi School of Law, 2007.
J. I. GABRYNOWICZ (ed.)
“Remote Sensing, Air and Space Law International Bibliography 1930-2007”
Journal of Space Law Special Publication, Vol. 33, 2007.
J. I. GABRYNOWICZ (ed.)
“The United Nations Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space: A Legislative History: Interviews of Members of the United States Delegation”
The National Center for Remote Sensing, Air and Space Law, University of Mississippi School of Law.
R. HARRIS (ed.)
“Earth Observation Data Policy and Europe” Swets & Zeitlinger B.V. (Division of Taylor & Francis), 2002.
Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.)
“Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on Legal Remote Sensing Issues, 28 October 1998, Toulouse”
Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 1998 (working document with limited distribution).
C. C. OKOLIE
“International Law of Satellite Remote Sensing and Outer Space” Kendall/Hunt Publishing, 1989.
Articles
R. ABEYRATNE
“The Use of Satellite Imagery as Evidence at Pre Trial and Trial Hearings”
ZLW, Year 2003, Issue 2.
C. ADI
“The Applications of Remote Sensing via Satellites by the Developing Countries and the Implications for the Space Law Making Process”
LL.M thesis dissertation, McGill University, Ottawa, National Library of Canada, 1986.
J. A. BECERRA ORTIZ
“A Legal Strategy for the Application of Earth Observation Programs in Central and South America Countries”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Second Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2009”, p. 392.
M. BENKÖ, G. GRUBER
“The Adoption of Principles on Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space and Other Recent Developments”
ZLW, 1987, pp. 17-46.
M. BOURBONNIÈRE
“Commercialisation of Remote Sensing: U.S. and International Law towards a Liberalization of Economic Regulations”
Journal of Space Law, Vol. 10, p. 33.
G. CATALANO SGROSSO
“Remote Sensing Data Protection and Data Distribution Policy” In R. A. HARRIS (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 449.
G. CATALANO SGROSSO
“International Legal Framework of Remote Sensing”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on Legal Remote Sensing Issues, 28 October 1998, Toulouse”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 1998, p. 5 (working document with limited distribution).
B. CHENG
“Legal and Commercial Aspects of Data Gathering by Remote Sensing”
In C.-J. CHENG, P. MENDES de LEON, “The Highways of Air Space over Asia”, pp. 50-76, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992.
C. DOLDIRINA
“Is the EU Legal Regime of Remote Sensing Data Protection Facilitating the Development of the Market of Applications”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-10.E7.5.9).
C. DOLDIRINA
“A Rightly Balanced Intellectual Property Rights Regime as a Mechanism to Enhance Commercial Earth Observation Activities”
Acta Astronautica, Vol. 67, Issues 5-6, 2010, pp. 639-647.
F. von der DUNK
“Europe and the “Resolution Revolution”: “European” Legal Approaches to Privacy and their Relevance for Space Remote Sensing Activities”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. 34, 2009, pp. 809-44.
F. von der DUNK
“European Satellite Earth Observation: Law, Regulations, Policies, Projects and Programmes”
Creighton Law Review, N. 42, 2009, pp. 397-445
F. von der DUNK
“Earth Observation Data Policy in Europe: An Inventory of Legal Aspects and Legal Issues”
In R. HARRIS (ed.), “Earth Observation Data Policy and Europe”, pp. 19-28, Swets and Zeitlinger B.V. (Division of Taylor and Francis), 2002.
F. von der DUNK
“The EOPOLE Project: Towards Coherent Earth Observation Data Policies in Europe”
ECSL Newsletter, N. 20, 1999, pp. 5-7.
J. M. de FARAMIÑÀN GILBERT
“Les Principes des Nations Unies régissant la télédétection”
In “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Summer Course on Space Law and Policy, University of Granada, Spain, 1995”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1995, pp. 131-163.
H. FEDER
“The Sky is the Limit: Evaluating the International Law of Remote Sensing”
New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 23, 1990-1991, p. 599.
M. FERRAZZANI
“L’Europe institutionnelle observe la Terre depuis l’espace”
In P. ACHILLEAS (ed.), “Droit de l’espace : Télécommunication, observation, navigation, défense, exploration”, Editions Larcier, Paris, 2009, pp. 165-178.
M. FERRAZZANI
“The 1986 UN Principles and Current State Practice in Europe”
In “Proceedings of the IISL/ECSL Symposium, 44th Session of the UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee, Vienna, 4-15 April 2005”.
M. FERRAZZANI
“The Policies in Remote Sensing and the Practices of the European Space Agency”,
In “Proceedings of the ECSL Summer Course on Space Law and Policy, Graz, Austria, 2004”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 2004.
M. FERRAZZANI
“The Status of Satellite Remote Sensing in International Treaties”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p.179 .
M. FERRAZZANI
“Opportunités futures et stratégie de l’Europe dans l’imagerie spatiale: Colloque “Image satellites, environnement et droit”, Toulouse, 29 septembre 2000”
Droit et Ville, N. 51, 2001, p. 151.
M. FERRAZZANI
“ESA Rules and Practices”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on Legal Remote Sensing Issues, 28 October 1998, Toulouse”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 1998, p. 43 (working document with limited distribution).
M. FERRAZZANI
“The Impact of Institutional Policies on the EO Market”
Presentation, First International Symposium on the Expansion of the Remote Sensing Market, EOMARK '95, organised by AAAF and EARSC, Paris, France, 6-8 March 1995.
M. FERRAZZANI
“The Legal Framework for the Use of ERS-1 Data”
ESA Bulletin, N. 68, 1991, p. 104.
M. FERRAZZANI, W. THIEBAUT
“The Legal Protection of Remote Sensing Satellite Data”
ESA Bulletin, N. 76, 1993, p. 61.
M. FUKUNAGA
“The Development of International Law on Remote Sensing Activities with the Emphasis on International Cooperation”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Second Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2009”, p. 37.
J. I. GABRYNOWICZ
“Remote Sensing Data Dissemination Policy and National Implementing Legislation”
In “Proceedings of the United Nations/Nigeria Workshop on Space Law: Meeting International Responsibility and Addressing Domestic Needs”, United Nations, 2006, p. 437.
J. I GABRYNOWICZ
“The Perils of Landsat from Grassroots to Globalization: A Comprehensive Review of U.S. Remote Sensing Law with a Few Thoughts for the Future”
Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol. 6, 2005, p. 45.
J. I GABRYNOWICZ
“The Promise and Problems of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992”
Space Policy, Vol. 9, Issue 4, 1993, pp. 319-328.
M. GAGGERO
“La tecnología espacial al servicio de la forestación : Teleobservación mediante satélite: Su régimen jurídico”
In “Actos Seminario-Taller Internacional sobre el Sector Forestal.Tacuarembó, Uruguay, 2000”.
J. GASTER
“The Legal Protection of Databases under the Directive of the European Community”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on Legal Remote Sensing Issues, 28 October 1998, Toulouse”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 1998, p. 71 (working document with limited distribution).
M. GERHARD, M. KROYMANN, B. SCHMIDT-TEDD
“Ein Gesetz für die Raumfahrt: Das neue Satellitendatensicherheitsgesetz“ (The New German Act on Safeguarding Security Aspects in the Distribution of Satellite Remote Sensing Data) ZLW, Year 2008, Issue 1.
M. GERHARD, B. SCHMIDT-TEDD
“Regulatory Framework for the Distribution of Remote Sensing Satellite Data: Germany’s Draft Legislation on Safeguarding Security Interest”
In “Proceedings of the Forty-Eight Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2005”, Vol. 48, pp. 45-54.
M. GERHARD, B. SCHMIDT-TEDD
“Regulatory Framework for the Distribution of Remote Sensing Satellite Data: Germany’s Draft Legislation on Safeguarding Security Interests”
In “Proceedings of the Forty-Eighth Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2005”.
R. GIBSON
“Earth Observation Data Policy”
Space Policy, Vol. 9, Issue 4, 1993, p. 272.
H. GINZKY
“Satellite Images as Evidence in Legal Proceedings relating to the Environment: A US Perspective”
Air and Space Law, Vol. 25, Issue 3, 2000, pp. 114-128.
J. F. HALL
“United States Laws, Regulations and Policies Concerning Commercial Remote Sensing Activities”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on Legal Remote Sensing Issues, 28 October 1998, Toulouse”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 1998, p. 24 (working document with limited distribution).
J. F. HALL
“Commercial Remote Sensing Data Protection in the U.S.: Outline”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on Legal Remote Sensing Issues, 28 October 1998, Toulouse”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 1998, p. 87 (working document with limited distribution).
P. HULSROJ
“European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)”
In “Proceedings of the United Nations/International Institute of Air and Space Law Workshop: Capacity Building in Space Law, The Hague, 18-21 November 2002”, United Nations, 2003, p. 100.
A. KERREST
“Le rattachement aux États des activités privées dans l’espace: Réflexions à la lumière du droit de la mer” (“Linking States to Private Activities in Space: Reflections Inspired by the Law of the Sea”)
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. 22, Part II, Editions Pédone, Paris, 1997.
Y. KORKMAZ, T. L. MASSON-ZWAAN
“The Use of Earth Observation Information Products as Evidence in Legal and Administrative Proceedings in The Netherlands” Report commissioned by the London Institute of Space Policy and Law, in the Framework of the ESA Earth Observation Project, IIASL, 2010.
M. KÖSTER
“Legal Framework Regarding the Commercialization of the German Meteorological Service (DWD)”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on Legal Remote Sensing Issues, 28 October 1998, Toulouse”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, 1998, p. 53 (working document with limited distribution).
W. von KRIES, I. POLLEY
“Report of the “Project 2001” Working Group on Remote Sensing” In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 145.
A. LICOR
“Satellite Remote Sensing: Commercialization of Remote Sensing: Is the Use of Satellite Derived Information for Military Purposes in Violation of the Peaceful Purposes Provision of the Outer Space Treaty”
ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 14, N. 1, 2007, pp. 207-224.
L. MANTL
“The Commission Proposal for a Regulation on the European Earth Observation Programme (GMES) and its Initial Operations (2011–2013): A major milestone for GMES”
ZLW, Year 2009, Issue 3.
S. MARCHISIO
“Le régime juridique de la télédétection”
In P. ACHILLEAS (ed.), “Droit de l’espace : Télécommunication, observation, navigation, défense, exploration”, Bruxelles, 2009, pp. 143-163.
S. MARCHISIO
“The Natural Disasters and the Role of Remote Sensing: Evaluation of the International Context: The Current COPUOS Work on Remote Sensing”
In “Proceedings of the International Conference: “Natural Disasters and the Role of Satellite Remote-Sensing: Economic and Legal Considerations”, Tunis 26-28 April 2005”, ECSL&CRTEAN, 2006, pp. 23-26.
S. MARCHISIO
“Remote Sensing Principles”
In “Proceedings of the ECSL Summer Course on Space Law and Policy, University of Leuven, 2003”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 2003.
S. MARCHISIO
“The 1986 United Nations Principles on Remote Sensing: A Critical Assessment”
In “Scritti in onore di Gaetano Arangio-Ruiz”, Editoriale Scientifica, Napoli, 2004, pp. 1311-1340.
S. MARCHISIO
“The International Legal Regime on Remote Sensing”
In “Proceedings of the ECSL Summer Course on Space Law and Space Policy, University of La Rochelle, 2002”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 2002, pp. 144-159.
J. MONSERRAT FILHO
“Por Que Não Há Uma Convenção Internacional Sobre Sensoriamento Remoto?” - “Why Isn't There an International Convention on Remote Sensing?”
Revista Brasileira de Direito Aeronáutico e Espacial, N. 82, 2001.
P. B. MORZILLI
“Responsabilidad de los Estados por la obtención, utilización y difusión de imágenes satelitales”
Revista Nacional de Derecho Aeronáutico y Espacial, N. 4, 2009.
R. MUSSI
“O Sensoriamento Remoto e sua Regulamentação”
Revista Brasileira de Direito Aeronáutico e Espacial, N. 86, 2003.
A. PRESTO LAUSAROT, M. GAGGERO MONTANER
“La teleobservación de la tierra vía satélite. Su regulación jurídica”
In “Proceedings of the IIas. Jornadas Uruguayas de Percepción Remota, Montevideo, 2005”.
A. F. dos SANTOS
“Remote Sensing in Brazil”
Revista Brasileira de Direito Aeronáutico e Espacial, N. 87, 2004.
K.-U. SCHROGL
“Current Legal Issues for Satellite Earth Observation: Treaty Verification and Law Enforcement through Satellite Observation, Privacy Conflicts from High Resolution Imaging”
ESPI Report, N. 25, 2010.
R. TRINDER
“Remote Sensing via Satellite: The Need for a New International Regime”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXII, 1997, pp. 519-522.
P. F. UHLIR, R. S. CHEN, J. I. GABRYNOWICZ, K. JANSSEN
“Toward Implementation of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems Data Sharing Principles”
Simultaneously published by CODATA Data Science Journal, Vol. 8, 2009, and Journal of Space Law, Vol. 35, N. 1, 2009.
S. M. WILLIAMS
“The UN Principles on Remote Sensing Today”
In “Proceedings of the Forty-Eight Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2005”, Vol. 48, pp. 2-9.
S. M. WILLIAMS
“Space Law and Remote Sensing Activities”
In “Proceedings of the United Nations/Brazil Workshop on Space Law: Disseminating and Developing International and National Space Law: The Latin America and Caribbean Perspective, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22-25 November 2004”, United Nations, 2005, p. 284.
S. M. WILLIAMS
“Reflections and Suggestions on Remote Sensing and International Law”
ZLW, Year 2001, Issue 3.
S. M. WILLIAMS
“Observando la Tierra desde el Espacio a la Luz del Principio de Soberanía” - “Observing the Earth from Space in Light of the Principle of Sovereignty”
Revista Brasileira de Direito Aeronáutico e Espacial, N. 82, 2001.
R. A. WILLIAMSON
“Legal and Policy Issues in Satellite Remote Sensing”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 165.
E. WINS-SEEMANN
“Das Satellitendatensicherheitsgesetz aus industrieller Sicht - Angemessener Rahmen für die kommerzielle Nutzung von weltraumgestützten Fernerkundungssystemen?” (The New German Act on Safeguarding Security Aspects in the Distribution of Satellite Remote Sensing Data: Industrial Aspects)
ZLW, Year 2008, Issue 1.
Other useful readings
“Earth Observation: Defense & Security: World Prospects to 2019”
Euroconsult, 2010.
“The Earth Observation Handbook”(prepared under the auspices of the ESA)
CEOS, 2010.
A. P. CRACKNELL
“Remote Sensing and Climate Change: The Role of Earth Observation”
Springer, London, 2001.
Y. A. DEHQANZADA, A. FLORINI
“Secrets for Sale: How Commercial Satellite Imagery will Change the World”
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C., 2000.
B. HAACK
“Monitoring Wetland Changes with Remote Sensing: An East African Example”
Environmental Management, Vol. 20, N. 3, pp. 411-419.
B. JASANI, M. PESARESI, S. SCHNEIDERBAUER, G. ZEUG (eds.)
“Remote Sensing from Space: Supporting International Peace and Security”
Springer, 2009.
T. KOIKE, M. ONODA, D. CRIPE, J. ACHACHE
“The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS): Supporting the Needs of Decision Making in Societal Benefit Areas”
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, Vol. XXXVIII, Part 8, Kyoto Japan 2010.
Useful links
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)
ESA Observing the Earth website
ESA The leaving planet programme website
ESA website on the protection of remote sensing data and the EU Directive 96/9/EC
European Commission GMES website
Global Monitoring for Security and Stability (GMOSS)