Telecommunications
UN documents
EU documents
Other documents
Workshops and conferences
Books
Articles
Other useful readings
Useful links
UN documents
UN Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellites for International Direct Television Broadcasting (1992)
UN A/RES/37/92
The Authorisation of Frequency Use for the Provision of Mobile Satellite Services (European Union) Regulations 2010 (UK Government)
UK Statutory Instrument 2010 No 672
Working Paper of the EU Radio Spectrum Committee: Input from the delegation of Sweden on “Technical licence conditions for Mobile Satellite Services in 2 GHz band” (2009)
RSCOM09-36
European Commission Decision on the selection of operators of pan-European systems providing mobile satellite services (MSS) (2009)
2009/449/EC
Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council on the selection and authorisation of systems providing mobile satellite services (MSS) (2008)
626/2008/EC
European Commission Decision on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 2 GHz frequency bands for the implementation of systems providing mobile satellite services (2007)
2007/98/EC
Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council on a regulatory framework for radio spectrum policy in the European Community (Radio Spectrum Decision) (2002)
Decision No 676/2002/EC
Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on a common framework for general authorization and individual licences in the field of telecommunications services (1997)
Directive 97/13/EC
European Convention Relating to Questions on Copyright Law and Neighboring Rights in the Framework of Transfrontier Broadcasting by Satellite
Council of Europe (1994)
EU Council Directive on the coordination of certain rules concerning copyright and rights related to copyright applicable to satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission (1993)
93/83/EEC
European Convention on Transfrontier TV (1989, as amended in 1998)
European Directive on TV without Frontiers (1989, as amended in 2007)
Other documents
Open-market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommunications Act (ORBIT Act) (2000)
U.S. Public Law 106-180 (US Code Title 47, Chapter 6: Communications Satellite System)
EUTELSAT-IGO (EUTELSAT in 1977) Amended Convention (1999, entered into force in 2002)
Germany Telecommunications Act (1996)
ITU International Radio Regulations (1995, as revised)
United Kingdom Satellite Communications Services Regulations (1995)
UK Statutory Instrument 1995 No 1947
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Constitution and Convention (1992, as amended in 2006)
IMSO (Inmarsat in 1979) Convention (1979, as amended on 2008) and other documents
EUTELSAT Original Convention (1977)
Agreement of the Arab Corporation for Space Communications (ARABSAT Agreement) (1976)
Agreement between France and the Federal Republic of Germany on the Project Symphony (1974)
INTERSPUTNIK Agreement (1971, entered into force in 1972)
INTERSPUTNIK Protocol on Amendments (1971)
http://www.intersputnik.com/f/downloads/Protocol on amendments eng.pdf
INTERSPUTNIK Operating Agreement (1971)
http://www.intersputnik.com/f/downloads/Operating_agreement_eng.doc
ITSO (INTELSAT in 1964) Treaty Agreement (1964, as amended in 2001)
U.S. Communications Satellite Act of 1962
Workshops and conferences
ECSL Practitioners’ Forum: “New Developments in the Field of (Satellite) Telecommunications”
ESA Headquarters, Paris, France, 18 March 2005
Report (ECSL Newsletter, N. 30, 2005, p. 4)
Institute of Air and Space Law/DLR Workshop: “Project 2001 - Legal Framework for Commercial Satellite Telecommunications”
Berlin, Germany, 8-9 June 2000
Books
P. ACHILLEAS (ed.)
“Droit de l’espace: Télécommunication, observation, navigation, défense, exploration”
Editions Larcier, Paris, 2009.
P. ACHILLEAS
“La télévision par satellite: Aspects juridiques internationaux”
CEDIN-Paris I, Perspectives Internationales, 1995.
G. CHIONI
“Regulating Frequencies: Actors, Policy Making and Legislative Framework in the Field of Mobile and Satellite Communications”
Esperia Publications Ltd., London, 1999.
E. DUCASSE, S. COURTEIX
“L'Europe des télécommunications par satellite: Entre libéralisation et coopération: Collection European centre for space law”
ESA/ECSL Publications 1993.
S. Le GOUEFF
“Satellite Regulation in Europe: Legal Texts and Materials” Brill, 2000.
N. HIELKEMA
“The European Telecommunications Market: The Implications of the CEC Liberalisation Strategy for ESA and Other Players in the Field” ESA Publications, 1993.
International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.)
“Arbitration in Air, Space and Telecommunications Law: Enforcing Regulatory Measures: Paper emanating from the Third PCA International Law Seminar, February 23, 2001”
Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, 2002.
Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.)
“Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer space: Proceedings of the Project 2001 - Workshop on Telecommunication, 8-9 June 2000, Berlin, Germany”
G. LAFFERRANDERIE, F. von der DUNK, H. TUINDER
“The Implications of the CEC Green Paper on Satellite Communications in Europe: ECSL-NPOC, 1st Workshop, 1991, 27 September, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands”
ESA/ECSL Publications, 1991.
U. LEANZA
“The Future of International Telecommunications: The Legal Regimes of Telecommunications by Geostationary Orbit Satellite”
Oceana Publications, Rome, 1993.
F. LYALL
“Law and Space Telecommunications”
Dartmouth, 1989.
M. NARAINE
“The Regulation of Satellite Communications: The Geostationary Orbit and Frequency Spectrum”
Continuum International Publishing, 1999.
L. RAVILLON
“Les télécommunications par satellite, aspects juridiques”
Litec, Paris, 1997.
P.-A. SALIN
“Satellite Communications Regulations in the Early 21st Century: Changes for a New Era”
Utrecht Studies in Air and Space Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2000.
M. L. SMITH
“International Regulation of Satellite Communication”
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 1990.
M. N. TAISHOFF
“State Responsibility and the Direct Broadcast Satellite”
Frances Pinter Publishers, 1987.
R. L. WHITE, H. M. Jr. WHITE
“The Law and Regulation of International Space Communication”
Artech House, 1988.
S. WHITE, S. BATE, J. BATE
“Satellite Communications in Europe: Law and Regulation”
Sweet & Maxwell, 1996.
Articles
P. ACHILLÉAS
“L’Etat “responsable” dans la directive Télévision sans frontières”
ECSL Newsletter, N. 18-19, 1999, p. 7.
A. AUCKENTHALER
“INMARSAT”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXV, 2000, p. 301.
A. AUCKENTHALER
“Recent Developments at INMARSAT”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XX, 1995, pp. 53-67.
I. BAUMANN
“Die Novellierung des Telekommunikationsgesetzes – Auswirkungen auf die Satellitenkommunikation“ (The Implications of the New Telecommunication Law to Satellite Communication in Germany)
ZLW, Year 2003, Issue 4.
I. BAUMANN, M. GERHARD
“Neuregelung des Verfahrens zur Anmeldung von Satellitensystemen bei der ITU und zur Übertragung deutscher Orbit- und Frequenznutzungsrechte“ (New Satellite Communications Regulations in Germany)
ZLW, Year 2006, Issue 1.
U. M. BOHLMANN, K.-U. SCHROGL, I. ZILIOLI
“Report of the “Project 2001” Working Group on Telecommunications” In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 201.
M. BOURELY
“Le droit des télécommunications spatiales internationales”
Droit de informatique et des télécoms, 1989, N. 2, pp. 9-17.
R. E. BUTLER
“Satellite Communications: Regulatory Framework and Applications for Development”
Space Communications & Broad., Vol. 3, 1995, p. 103.
C. Q. CHRISTOL
“Outer Space and the Agenda for the 2011 World Radio Communication Conference”
In “Proceedings of the Fifty-Third Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010” (IAC-10.E7.5.2).
J. CLOPPENBURG
“The Future Regulation of Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite: A Farewell to Lex Americana?”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXV, 2000, p. 83.
S. COURTEIX
“Organisations internationales à vocation mondiale ou régionale dans le domaine des télécommunications par satellite”
Jurisclasseur de droit international, Vol. 2, 1985, fasc. 141.
M. COUSTON
“Les risques et les contraintes qui pèsent sur la privatisation des télécommunication par satellite”
Droit de informatique et des télécoms, 1989, N. 2, pp. 18-25.
F. CUGIA di SANT’ORSOLA
“European Union Regulatory Policies on Satellite Communications”
In R. A. HARRIS, G. LAFFERRANDERIE, M. FERRAZZANI (eds.),“Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 419.
F. von der DUNK
“Frequency Management: ITU and Economic/Trade Issues”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 127 (working document with limited distribution).
R. FERNÁNDEZ-BRISEÑO
“Legal Aspects of Telecommunications Satellites Operation and Financing”
Unpublished LL.M. Dissertation, McGill University, on file as archival material with McGill University, 2003.
M. FERRAZZANI
“Legal Issues of Communications Satellites in Low Earth Orbit”
Journal of Space Law, Vol. 21, N. 1, 1993, p. 44.
M. FERRAZZANI
“Recent European Regulatory Issues of Communication Satellite Systems”
In “Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Colloquium of the Law of the Outer Space, 1993”, pp. 447-450.
A. FROEHLICH
“Verletzung von Menschenrechten durch TV-Satellitenprogramme aufgrund unterschiedlicher kultureller Wertvorstellungen. Zugleich Anmerkungen zum französischen Fall Al-Manar” (Violation of Human Rights by TV Satellite Emissions due to Different Cultural Values: The French Case Al-Manar)
ZLW, Year 2006, Issue 4.
M. GAGGERO MONTANER
“Las nuevas tendencias en la explotación de los satélites de Comunicaciones”
In “Actas de las XXX Jornadas Latinoamericanas de Derecho Aeronáutico y Espacial, Punta del Este, 21-24 March 2006”.
W. P. HEERE
“Aeronautical Public Correspondence by Satellite”
Air and Space Law, Vol. 32, Issue 2, 2007, pp. 150-151.
D. HINSON
“The Privatization of INTELSAT”
In R. A. HARRIS, G. LAFFERRANDERIE, M. FERRAZZANI (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 247.
R. S. JAKHU, V. R. SERRANO
“International Regulation of Radio Frequencies for Space Services” In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 41 (working document with limited distribution).
N. JASENTULIYANA
“Regulatory Functions of I.T.U. in the Field of Space Telecommunications”
Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 34, 1968, p. 62.
A. KERREST
“Le rattachement aux États des activités privées dans l’espace : Réflexions à la lumière du droit de la mer” (“Linking States to Private Activities in Space: Reflections Inspired by the Law of the Sea”)
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. 22, Part II, Editions Pédone, Paris, 1997.
K.-J. KRAATZ
“Satellite Licensing: Regulatory and Intellectual Property Issues: Theory and Practice”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 35 (working document with limited distribution).
B. LEE SMITH
“Licensing on the National Level: Patent and IPR Issues In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 27 (working document with limited distribution).
S. LE GOUEFF
“Annex To the Working Group [on Telecommunications] Report: The Reform of the European Telecom Licensing Regime: What Vision for the Future”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 245.
S. LE GOUEFF
“Satellite Communications Licensing in the European Union”
ECSL Newsletter, N. 18-19, 1999, p. 4.
S. LE GOUEFF
“Global Communications by Satellites: Overcoming Regulatory Hurdles”
ECSL Newsletter, N. 17, 1998, p. 6.
F. LYALL
“On the Reform of the ITU and the Commercial Use of Space”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 259.
F. LYALL
“The New Global Private Satellite Telecommunications Systems and International Law”
Annals of Air and Space Law, Vol. XXVII, 2002.
L. F. MARTINEZ
“Weaving a Legal Web in Space: Factors for Globalizing Governance”
In K.-H. BÖCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 305.
L. F. MARTINEZ
“Globalization Issues”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 201 (working document with limited distribution).
L. F. MARTINEZ
“Satellite Communications and the Internet: Implications for the Outer Space Treaty”
Space Policy, 14, Issue 2, 1998, pp. 83-88.
T. L. MASSON-ZWAAN
“International Telecommunications Via Satellite”
In “Proceedings of the ECSL Summer Course on Space Law and Policy, 2006”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 2006.
S. MOSTESHAR
“Comments on Frequency Management”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 117 (working document with limited distribution).
A. A. E. NOLL
“The ITU’s Contribution through its WRC 2000 in Istanbul to the Legal Framework for Commercial Space Activities”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 255.
A. A. E. NOLL
“ITU Constitutional and Conventional Amendments”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 119 (working document with limited distribution).
A. A. E. NOLL
“The Space Law Related Role, Activities and Contributions of the International Telecommunications Union in the Last Decade of the 20th Century”
In R. A. HARRIS (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 109.
S. OSPINA
“International Satellite Telecommunications: An Assessment of their Past and Future”
In K.-H. BÖCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 283.
S. OSPINA
“International Satellite Service Providers”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 139 (working document with limited distribution).
S. OSPINA
“International Satellite Telecommunications: Regulation by States or by Private Parties?”
Air and Space Law, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2000, pp. 273-280.
L. PEREIRA-BAIA
“Le cadre juridique international des activités spatiales: l’exemple des télécommunications par stellites”
Mémoire, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, année universitaire 2000-2001.
I. POLLEY
“International Satellite Service Providers”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 169 (working document with limited distribution).
C. ROISSE
“Eutelsat and Space Law: Legal Considerations”
In R. A. HARRIS (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 63.
C. ROISSE
“Restructuring of EUTELSAT: Current Problems and Future Developments”
In R. A. HARRIS (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 253.
D. SAGAR
“Privatization of International Satellite Organizations”
In K.-H. BOCKSTIEGEL (ed.), “Project 2001 – Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Recommendations and Conclusion to Develop the Present State of the Law”, Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne, 2002, p. 501.
D. SAGAR
“Inmarsat since Privatization”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 163 (working document with limited distribution).
D. SAGAR
“The Privatization of INMARSAT: Special Problems”
In R. A. HARRIS (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 127.
D. SAGAR
“Inmarsat Goes Private”
ECSL Newsletter, N. 18-19, 1999, p. 2.
P. A. SALIN
“An Illustration of the Privatization Process of Outer Space: The EvoluSatellite Communications Agency to Private Global Satellite Operator”
ZLW, Year, 2001, Issue 2.
P. A. SALIN
“The Globalization Issue and Telecommunications”
In Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR (eds.), “Project 2001: Legal Framework for the Commercial Use of Outer Space: Proceedings of the Workshops on Telecommunications, Berlin, 8-9 June 2000”, Institute of Air and Space Law of the University of Cologne/DLR, Cologne, 2000, p. 175 (working document with limited distribution).
P. A. SALIN
“New US Space Legislation Affecting World-Wide Satellite Communications Regulations”
In R. A. HARRIS (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 387.
R. SMITH
“The International Telecommunication Union and Coordination of Space Communications”
In “Proceedings of the United Nations/International Institute of Air and Space Law Workshop: Capacity Building in Space Law, The Hague, 18-21 November 2002”, United Nations, 2003, p. 67.
J. SYMMONS
“Policy and Regulatory Risk Considerations for Satellite Communications”
Space Policy, Vol. 26, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 121-123.
S. TAYLOR
“ITU Regulations and Procedures”
In “Proceedings of the United Nations/Nigeria Workshop on Space Law: Meeting International Responsibility and Addressing Domestic Needs, Abuja, 21-24 November 2005 ”, United Nations, 2006, p. 458.
V. VERSHCHUNOV
“Legal Reform of Intersputnik in the Light of Commercialization of Its Activities”
In R. A. HARRIS (eds.), “Proceedings of the Third ECSL Colloquium: International Organisations and Space Law: Their Role and Contributions, Perugia, Italy, 6-7 May 1999”, ESA/ECSL Publications, 1999, p. 77.
Other useful readings
G. A. Jr. CODDING, A. M. RUTKOWSKI
“The International Telecommunication Union in a Changing World”
Artech House, Dedham, MA, 1982.
A. FRANZOLIN
“The Future of Public–Private Partnerships in Satellite Communications”
Space Policy, Vol. 25, Issue 3, 2009, pp. 193-194.
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
“ITU Handbook on Satellite Communications”
Wiley-Blackwell, 3rd Edition, 2002.