Earth from Space: The ‘jewel’ of the Kalahari
Botswana’s Okavango Delta is highlighted in the lower left corner of this Envisat image. The Okavango Delta – the world’s largest inland delta – is a labyrinth of lagoons, swamps, channels and islands and is home to a vast array of wildlife, with a third of the greater delta area being protected by the Moremi Wildlife Reserve.
The delta’s water source comes from the Okavango River, which begins as the Cubango River in Central Angola, then becomes the Kuvango River as it flows through Namibia before reaching Botswana. It is often referred to as ‘the river that never reaches the sea’ because its water flows inland and irrigates 15 000 square kilometres of the Kalahari Desert, creating the delta – also called the ‘jewel’ of the Kalahari.
Wetlands, such as the Okavango Delta, are the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, more productive even than tropical rainforests. As well as being vital to the water cycle, they are havens for wildlife. The Moremi Wildlife Reserve, for instance, is home to elephants, buffalo, giraffes, lions, leopards, cheetahs and various antelope, among other species.
The overall value of wetlands is measured in trillions of Euros, but for much of the last century wetlands have been drained or otherwise degraded. In 1971 an inter-governmental treaty established the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, setting up a framework for the stewardship and preservation of wetlands.
Today more than 1 310 wetlands have been designated as Wetlands of International Importance, a total area of 111 million hectares. The Okavango Delta is recognised as the largest Wetland of International Importance by Ramsar.
GlobWetland, an ESA-led initiative in collaboration with the Ramsar Convention Secretariat, has been using satellite imagery to provide detailed wide-area views of individual wetlands to aid national and local conservation efforts.
With wetlands often made up of difficult and inaccessible terrain, satellites can help provide information on local topography, the types of wetland vegetation, land cover and use and the dynamics of the local water cycle. In particular radar imagery of the type provided by Envisat is able to differentiate between dry and waterlogged surfaces, and so can provide multitemporal data on how given wetlands change seasonally.
Envisat's Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) instrument acquired this image on 2 July 2006 working in Full Resolution mode to provide a spatial resolution of 300 metres.
The image has a width of 574 kilometres.
