Vatican Apostolic Library explains how procedures and tools are being used to restore ancient manuscripts. The Library’s preservation project is based on the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) format, which was developed by ESA and NASA in the 1970s and stems from radio astronomy. The procedures, file formats and tools further developed by the Library demonstrate how this is facilitating their digitalisation project, but also how it is suitable for the long-term preservation of ESA’s satellite data and information.