The European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world.
Find out more about space activities in our 23 Member States, and understand how ESA works together with their national agencies, institutions and organisations.
Exploring our Solar System and unlocking the secrets of the Universe
Go to topicProtecting life and infrastructure on Earth and in orbit
Go to topicUsing space to benefit citizens and meet future challenges on Earth
Go to topicMaking space accessible and developing the technologies for the future
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To transfer the statistics-based integrity approach from aircraft to cars, the horizontal alert and protection levels around the test car was stretched out from a circle to an elongated ‘lozenge’ shape, taking account of the fact that forwards and backwards collisions pose a greater risk than sideways collisions. The lengths and widths of these protection levels are guided by the local speed limit, with the overall safety level guided by the study of UK and European accident probabilities, aiming to maintain safety 99.999% of the time.