ESA’s Acting Director of Earth Observation Programmes, Toni Tolker-Nielsen, signing the contract with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd to build the HydroGNSS Scout mission. This new small low-cost satellite will provide measurements of key hydrological climate variables, including soil moisture, freeze–thaw state over permafrost, inundation and wetlands, and above-ground biomass, using a technique called Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reflectometry.