In the Concrete-Hardening project, ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer will investigate for the first time how different concrete mixtures – containing cement, sand or 'Moon dust' regolith combined with water and various admixtures such as air-entraining agents – harden in microgravity. This research will facilitate the development of new, improved concrete mixtures that can be created in the future for use as building material for astronaut habitats on lunar and Mars missions and for sustainable housing construction on Earth.