Harder than diamond and more electrically conductive than copper while also a million times thinner than paper: graphene is the single greatest discovery of 21st century materials science, and ESA has been working to benefit from its miraculous properties. A project to add ultra-thin graphene to traditional Lithium ion cells offers enhanced capacity and cycle life for future space batteries, which can now be manufactured in a cheaper, greener way – swapping toxic solvent for water and plant-based cellulose.