The European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world.
Find out more about space activities in our 23 Member States, and understand how ESA works together with their national agencies, institutions and organisations.
Exploring our Solar System and unlocking the secrets of the Universe
Go to topicProtecting life and infrastructure on Earth and in orbit
Go to topicUsing space to benefit citizens and meet future challenges on Earth
Go to topicMaking space accessible and developing the technologies for the future
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A research paper, which was published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science, discusses the impact of extreme events on the Antarctic environment including its weather, sea-ice extent, ocean heatwaves, glaciers and ice shelves, and the way extremes can affect marine and land biodiversity. Sea ice around Antarctica is particularly low, for example. The image shows February 2023 monthly mean sea-ice concentration with the 1981–2010 median shown by a red line.
Read full story: Antarctica’s vulnerability to extreme events