A new ESA-led project called Autonomous uLtrasound Image Improvement SyStEM, ALISSE, leverages AI and Machine Learning so that astronauts can perform close to expert quality ultrasound exams by themselves, without the need for ground assistance. Hundreds of thousands of anonymised and labelled ultrasound scans from the Emergency and Urgency Radiology Service of La Paz Hospital in Madrid have been used for training the deep learning neural network that underlies the ALISSE system.