The European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world.
Find out more about space activities in our 23 Member States, and understand how ESA works together with their national agencies, institutions and organisations.
Exploring our Solar System and unlocking the secrets of the Universe
Go to topicProtecting life and infrastructure on Earth and in orbit
Go to topicUsing space to benefit citizens and meet future challenges on Earth
Go to topicMaking space accessible and developing the technologies for the future
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ESA’s Climate Change Initiative provides satellite observations to monitor El Niño and La Niña in a changing global climate. The effects of periodic climate disturbances reverberate around the world, influencing global temperature and exacerbating regional floods and drought severity.
Climate models have historically used sea surface temperature to simulate the development of El Niño. Incorporating sea surface salinity data, however, further improves the prediction of the timing, duration, and intensity of El Niño events.