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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 1 Description: Geocentric model – the Earth lies at the centre of the Universe. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 2 Description: The apparent motion of Mars in the sky during retrograde motion. For an animation showing the motion of Mars in the night sky, see the Links section. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 3 Description: Epicycles can be used to explain retrograde motion. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 4 Description: Ptolemy’s full solution was incredibly complicated. Credits: Public domain |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 5 Description: Copernicus’ heliocentric model of the Solar System. Credits: Public domain |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 6 Description: Kepler made the revolutionary discovery that planetary orbits were elliptical. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 7 Description: Properties of an elliptical orbit, including the (semi-) major and (semi-) minor axes, and the locations of perihelion and aphelion. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 8 Description: The eccentricity of different ellipses. As eccentricity increases, an ellipse appears to be more ‘squashed’. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 9 Description: Photo of comet Hale-Bopp taken in Croatia. Credits: Philipp Salzgeber |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 10 Description: Comet orbits in the Solar System. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 11 Description: The anatomy of a comet. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 12 Description: ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft performed a series of planetary ‘slingshots’ in order to reach its destination. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 13 Description: Four-image NAVCAM mosaic of Comet 67P/Churyumov Gerasimenko, using images taken on 19 September 2014 when Rosetta was 28.6 km from the comet. Credits: ESA/Rosetta/NAVCAM |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 14 Description: The Philae lander will deliver unprecedented information about the surface and internal structure of a comet. Credits: Spacecraft: ESA–J. Huart, 2014 |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 15 Description: Automated Transfer Vehicle docked with The International Space Station. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 16 Description: The altitude range of the ISS over this period was higher than normal due to the enhanced re-boost capability of the ATV. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure 17 Description: Orbital reboost is a multi-step processes with 2 successive burns diametrically opposed to one another. The transition orbit is known as the Hohmann transfer orbit. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure A1 Description: Experiment setup. For instructions on how to construct the board, see Appendix: Elliptical board template instructions. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure A2 Description: Example table and graph. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure A3 Description: How the velocity vector (blue arrows) of a comet in orbit around the Sun changes with orbital position. The variation is due to the centripetal acceleration provided by the gravitational attraction of the Sun. The change in the comet tail is also shown. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure A4 Description: How the kinetic and potential energy of an orbiting body change with orbital position. The total energy will always remain constant. Credits: ESA |
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P02 Marble-ous ellipses Figure X1 Description: Epicycles can be used to explain retrograde motion. Credits: ESA |