Io moves across the face of Jupiter

The moon Io casts a shadow on the vast clouds of gas which get constantly churned up and rotate around the giant planet in huge weather systems.

Jupiter's immense, complex atmosphere bristles with lightning and swirls with violent storms, including the Great Red Spot, a storm that has lasted perhaps as long as 300 years. The reddish colour of the Great Red Spot is a puzzle to scientists, but it is thought that several chemicals, including phosphorus, could be the cause.

Some scientists think that beneath the atmosphere there is no solid mass at the center of Jupiter, but that the planet's unique temperature and pressure conditions produce a core with a density more like a liquid or ice slush.

Jupiter is the largest of our nine planets, containing two-thirds of the planetary mass of our Solar System. In composition it resembles a small star, with helium and hydrogen as the main gases. Its interior pressure may reach 100 million times the pressure on Earth's surface.

Jupiter's magnetic field is immense, even in proportion to the size of the planet, stretching millions of miles into the solar system. It has 16 major moons, including Io, and a ring system.

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a collaboration between ESA and NASA. It is a long-term, space-based observatory. The observations are carried out in visible, infrared and ultraviolet light. In many ways Hubble has revolutionised modern astronomy, not only by being an efficient tool for making new discoveries, but also by driving astronomical research in general.