Thomas Reiter took up duty as ESA Director of Human Spaceflight and Operations (D/HSO), and Head of ESOC in Darmstadt, Germany, on 1 April 2011. He has flown in space twice, on Euromir 95/Soyuz TM-22 and STS-121/Astrolab. He returns to ESA after leaving the European Astronaut Corps in October 2007 to take on a role on the Executive Board of the German Space Agency (DLR) with responsibility for space.