| | Fiumi e bacino idrografico
All’interno del parco, il bacino idrografico è composto dai due fiumi principali, il Karnali e il Babai, e dai relativi affluenti. Nella parte pianeggiante del Terai, il Karnali si divide in numerosi canali.
- Terai, the northern part of the Indo-Gangetic plain. The Terai extends nearly 800 km from east to west, and about 30-40 km from north to south. The average elevation is below 750 m, including the Terai region, Bhavar Terai, and Inner Terai
- Siwalik, commonly referred to as the Churia Hills. The elevation in the Siwalik ranges from 700 to 1,500 m.
- Middle Mountain, also known as the Mahabharat range. The elevation of this range is from 1,500 to 2,700 m. The Middle Mountain is cut in many places by antecedent rivers such as Kosi, Gandaki (Narayani), Karnali, and Mahakali. They are the first great barrier to monsoon clouds and the highest precipitation occurs on the southern slope of this range.
- High Mountains, ranging from 2,200 to 4,000 m. This region consists of phyllite, schists and quartzite, and the soil is generally shallow and resistant to weathering. The climate is cool and temperate.
- High Himalayas, ranges from 4,000 to above 8,000 m. Eight of the highest peaks in the world and the world's deepest gorge (5,791 m in the Kali Gandaki valley) are located in this region. The climate is alpine, and the snowline lies at 5,000 m in the east and 4,000 m in the west.
- Trans-Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau. These are areas north of the main Himalayan range, which restricts the entry of monsoon moisture. The region has a dry desert-like climate.
Bardia National Park includes both a small part of the Terai and a part of the Churia ranges. It is a complex geological structure with three distinct features. The Churia hills are of late Tertiary origin, composed of fine-grained sandstone with pockets of clay, shale conglomerate and fresh water limestone. It is the most dynamic and youngest part of the Himalayan systems, thus it determines the soil type of the park. Bhabar consists of boulder, cobbles, gravel, and coarse sand interbedded with silt and clay. The flatland of Terai was formed by Gangetic alluvium consisting of beds of silt, clay, sand, pebble, and gravel. The floodplain of the river consists of fertile soil, while in the hills the soil is not very fertile because of erosion.
 Profilo a blocchi del Nepal
Rivers and Drainage
The park is drained by two major rivers, Karnali and Babai, and tributaries. In the flat land of Terai, the Karnali River divides into many channels.
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